Izingane eziningi zase-Australia ziye zaba imilutha kagwayi ngenxa vaping, okwenza ungqongqoshe wezempilo wombuso uMark Butler ancome izinyathelo zokuguqula okuhloswe ngazo ukulawula umkhakha we-e-cigarette.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, izingane eziningi aziqapheli ukuthi zisebenzisa into ewumlutha ngokweqile kuze kube yilapho sekwephuze kakhulu.
"Uhulumeni wangaphambilini wawuphephetha," kusho u-Butler etshela i-Guardian Australia. "Izindleko zaleso sigaba kanye nokubambezeleka zikhokhwa yizingane zethu."
E-Australia, akukho emthethweni ukuthengisa, ukusabalalisa, noma ukuba nogwayi we-elekthronikhi nanoma yiluphi uketshezi olune-nicotine ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela. Kodwa-ke, abasabalalisi baye bafinyelela kulokhu ngokuxosha "i-nicotine" ohlwini lwezithako, naphezu kokuthi imikhiqizo yabo yenziwe ngayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi intsha eningana isebenzisa i-nicotine ingahlosile, ngaleyo ndlela iba umlutha, okwenza iziphathimandla zezempilo zifune izijeziso nemithetho eqinile.
Ngokungeziwe ku-nicotine, imikhiqizo ingase futhi ihlanganise amakhulukhulu ezinye izithasiselo ezingaba ubuthi njenge-pulegone (equkethwe kusibulala-zinambuzane) kanye ne-acetone (equkethwe kusikhiphi se-nail polish).
U-Butler uzomemezela ukuthi uhulumeni uzoqala uhlelo lokuxoxisana nababambiqhaza emishinini yokukhipha umphunga kagwayi esebenzisa isiphathimandla esiphethe izinto iTherapeutic Goods Administration emcimbini obungoLwesithathu ePhalamende House eCanberra ukugubha iminyaka eyi-10 selokhu kwethulwa ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo ye-nicotine.
"Kufanele sazi ukuthi uhlelo lwamanje lwemithetho lugeja kuphi futhi yiziphi izinyathelo ohulumeni abangaqala ukuzithatha ukuze bashintshe ukudayela," kusho yena.
Ngokusho kwe-Guardian Australia, izinguquko ezihlongozwayo zomthetho we-vaping zihlanganisa ukuvinjelwa ezweni lonke ukungeniswa kwama-vapes kagwayi kanye nokulawula okuqinile ukuze kukhawulwe izikhangiso ze-nicotine kanye ne-vaping ezinganeni ezingosini zokuxhumana.
Kulo mcimbi, u-Butler kulindeleke ukuthi agqugquzele izindlela zokulwa ne-nicotine ezengeziwe.
Okuqukethwe
Ukushunqika kwentsha kuyanda
U-Butler uthe amazinga e-vaping e-Australia aphindeke ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili phakathi kuka-2016 no-2019. Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni olusekelwe kuhulumeni wesifunda, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabaneminyaka engu-16 kuya kwengu-24 ubudala eNew South Wales base bezame ugwayi we-electronic ngonyaka odlule. inyuke isuka ku-15% eminyakeni emithathu edlule.
I-NSW Impilo isungule ithimba elizosingatha le nkinga ekhulayo ngokwenza izivivinyo kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo ngemibono yomphakathi. Phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-18 eziphela ngo-September, kwathathwa imihwamuko equkethe i-nicotine engaphezu kuka-157,000 XNUMX.
Ngokusho kwesikhulu sezempilo uKerry Chant, uMnyango uphinde wagweba izitolo eziyishumi nambili ngokusabalalisa lezi zinto ngesikhathi esifanayo.
"Siyaqinisa izenzo zethu zokuphoqelela, kodwa angikwazi ukudlulisa ukukhathazeka kwami (ngokwanele) mayelana nokufinyelela okukhulayo kwemikhiqizo ye-vape emphakathini," esho kule nyanga ngesikhathi sewebhu ye-P&C Federation.
“Kwesinye isikhathi kuba sengathi silwa nenqwaba yezinto.”
"Ukushesha kokuqinisekisa ukuthi intsha yethu kanye nezingane aziwutholi ugwayi ukuze zifakwe i-vaping kukhulu," u-Adjunct Prof John Skerritt, iphini likanobhala womnyango wezempilo wobumbano, utshele izilinganiso zeSenethi ekuqaleni kwale nyanga.
"Uhulumeni ukholelwa ukuthi ukwanda okukhulu kwe-vaping entsha kufanele kuxazululwe ngokushesha okukhulu."
Uthisha wasesikoleni esiphakeme sikahulumeni eMelbourne onezingane zesikole ezingaba ngu-1,500 XNUMX wathi ngokokuqala ngqá eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye yokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kokufundisa, ubona intsha eningi nezingane ezicwile ugwayi ezingakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo ekilasini. Izindlu zangasese zesikole sakhe zivaliwe phakathi nezifundo.
“Kuyinkinga kuwona wonke amaqembu onyaka,” echaza.
“Izingane zesikole zifuna ukuphuma njalo ekilasini, futhi ziba nolaka futhi ziyaqhaqhazela uma zingakwazi ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese.”
Kwezinye izimo, izingane ziye zakwenza ekilasini zifihla ama-vaporizer azo emikhonweni yazo. Sabeka amakhamera ngaphandle kwezindlu zangasese ukuze sibone amaflaya avamile.”
UCarolyn Murray, umqondisi wezinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi emnyangweni wezempilo we-NSW, uthe abadayisi izitolo kufanele “bacabange ukuthi izinto zabo ezithengiswayo zinogwayi” ngisho noma zingabhaliwe kanjalo, kuye ngemiphumela yemiphumela yokuhlolwa yomnyango emikhiqizweni ethathiwe.
UMurray angathanda ukubona ubambiswano olwengeziwe phakathi kweminyango kahulumeni, efana nezemfundo namaphoyisa, kanye nokuguqulwa kwemithetho yokukhangisa ye-commonwealth.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuyeka kunokubhema
U-Eugenie Pepper, udokotela wezifo zengqondo waseSydney osiza abantu ukuba bayeke ukubhema, watshela i-Guardian Australia ukuthi amaphesenti angu-50 amakhasimende akhe adinga usizo lokuyeka ukubhema ezinyangeni ezingu-18 ezidlule.
“Iningi lalabo bantu liseminyakeni yabo yobusha nasekuqaleni kweyamashumi amabili,” kusho yena. "Kusukela eminyakeni engu-15, bakholelwa ukuthi balahlekelwe umkhondo." Ngikholelwa ukuthi i-vaping inzima kakhulu ukuyeka kunokubhema. Kukhona ukulinganiselwa ekubhemeni, okuhlanganisa amanani, ukuqaphela ukuthi akwamukeleki ngokwesiko, kanye nephunga.
"Izingane zihamba ngokungapheli kusukela ngesikhathi zivuka kuze kube yilapho zilala ebusuku." Bafana nabantwana abancane abanama-dummies abangakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwama-vaporizer abo. "
U-Pepper wakuthola kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi izinga lokukhuphuka kwe-vaping likhuphuke ngokushesha kangakanani. “Lezi zingane azazi ukuthi zifutha kangakanani, futhi azinayo indlela yokwazi ukuthi zidla ugwayi ongakanani nezinye izinto ezingaba yingozi.”
UDkt. Krista Monkhouse usebenza njengodokotela wezingane ohlelweni lwentsha ye-Hunter New England Health District Clinical services Clinical Services, olwaqala ngo-2018. ezempilo ngokusho kukaMonkhouse, lesi sikhungo siqale ukuthola imibuzo ngonyaka odlule kubazali, odokotela bengqondo, odokotela, ezikoleni, kanye imitholampilo yezempilo, ukufuna usizo lokuqonda i-vaping, imiphumela yako, kanye nendlela yokusiza intsha kanye nezingane ukuba ziyeke.
“Kwathi ngo-2022, saqala ukuzwa entsheni, 'Ngeke ngiyeke.'” Ngiluthwe yikho kangangokuthi kunzima kimi ukukuyeka.'
"Abakwazi ukuphumelela usuku lonke ngaphandle kwe-vaping." Abanye abantu abakwazi ukuhlala bephapheme ubusuku bonke ukuze ba-vape.
NgokukaMonkhouse, ukukhula kobuchopho kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho umuntu eseneminyaka engaba ngu-25 ubudala, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi phakathi neminyaka yobusha kungalimaza izindawo zobuchopho ezilawula ukugxilisa ingqondo, imizwa, ukulawula umfutho nokufunda.
“Izimpawu zokuhoxa zimbi kakhulu,” echaza. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, intukuthelo, intukuthelo, uvalo, ukukhathazeka, izinkinga zokugxilisa ingqondo nobuthongo. Intsha e-vape ifuna ukwelashwa kwezimpawu zokuphefumula ezinjengokukhwehlela, ukucasuka emphinjeni kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. ”
Akubona kuphela abantu abasebenzisa amadivaysi e-vaping abasengozini. Kusukela ngo-2020, i-Queensland Poisons Information Centre ithole ukwenyuka kwezingcingo ngamaphesenti angama-48.6 okuhlanganisa izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu ezichayeke ku-e-cigarette namapeni e-vape. Kulo nyaka kuze kube manje, sekutholakale ubuthi obungu-88, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-15 ngo-2020. Izingane ezingamashumi amabili kwezingu-88 zilaliswe esibhedlela.
Isipuni esisodwa sikagwayi owuketshezi otholakalayo otholakalayo singadala ukuwohloka okukhulu kobuchopho noma ukufa enganeni. I-e-cigarette kagwayi eyodwa engu-0.7ml icishe iqhathaniswe nama-puff angama-200 noma ukubhema iphakethe elilodwa likagwayi.
Ingane eyodwa kwezine ithenga i-vape esitolo sendawo
“[I-vape] iyisinqumo esihle ongasidweba Osemncane abantu,” kusho uDkt. Becky Freeman, isekela likaprofesa wezempilo yomphakathi e-University of Sydney.
“Akunangqondo futhi akubizi, kunuka kamnandi futhi kukhangiswa kakhulu ezinganeni ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.”
UFreeman ungumholi we-Generation Vape, ucwaningo lokuqala lwezwe lonke olwabuza abantu abasha abangaphezu kuka-700 abaneminyaka engu-13 nangaphezulu, kanye nabanakekeli babo, njengothisha nabazali mayelana nolwazi lwabo lokuphefumula, okuhlanganisa izinkolelo zabo, izimo zengqondo, ulwazi, izimo zengqondo, izinkolelo, kanye nokuziphatha mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-vapes.
Nakuba kuvinjelwe e-Australia ukudayisela noma yimaphi ama-vapes kunoma yimuphi umuntu oneminyaka engaphansi kwe-18, ngokusho kukaFreeman, "okungenani ingxenye yesine yabahlanganyeli abasha abaphendule kuhlu lwemibuzo yethu bathi bavele bazamazama esitolo sabo sendawo ukuyowathenga. ngokuqondile kwababhema ugwayi noma ezindabeni ezilula.”
"Ayikho indlela eyisithunzi yokuthola le mikhiqizo."
Uthi izingane zithole amadivaysi e-vaping kwezinye izingane zesikole, kontanga, noma izihlobo eziseduze ezi-vape, nokuthi zithenge izinto ku-inthanethi. Abiza noma yikuphi phakathi kuka-$5 no-$30 futhi angabamba inqwaba kuya ezinkulungwaneni zama-dabs.
Ngisho nama-vapes “angenayo i-nicotine,” ngokusho kukaFreeman, avame ukuba ne-nicotine. Uveze ukuthi amaphesenti angama-53 entsha okwaxoxwa nayo eyaveza ukuthi yake yasebenzisa i-vape equkethe i-nicotine. Kodwa-ke, amaphesenti angama-27 ayengaqiniseki ngokuthi ayedle i-vape ene-nicotine, futhi abasele bacabanga ukuthi ugwayi wabo we-e-cigaret awunayo i-nicotine.
“Ngenxa yokuthi amabhrendi amaningi afihla izithako zawo ngenhloso, enye nje indlela yokwazi ukuthi umkhiqizo othile unogwayi ukuwuthatha futhi uwuhlole elebhu.”
“Ngakho-ke unalaba basebenzi bomthetho abavela eNew South Wales Health abaphuma baye ku-7/11 noma ku-nicotine izitolo, bese beqoqa imali encane yezinto ezithengiswayo, bayithumele endaweni yokusebenzela, bayihlole, bathole ukuthi ayinawo yini ugwayi, bese bebuyela emuva bayozithatha lezo zimpahla.” Nokho, kungenzeka zonke sezithengisiwe noma zashintshwa kamuva.”
I-TGA ihloliwe ngaphezu kwama-400 amadivaysi e-vaping okucatshangwa ukuthi angawomgunyathi, kuhlanganisa nalawo angazange amemezele ukufakwa kukagwayi. Imikhiqizo engu-190 kwengu-214 ehlolwe ngempumelelo ihlanganisa i-nicotine. Ngokusho kokhulumela isikhulu somnyango wezempilo, phakathi komhlaka-1 Okthoba 2021 no-5 Novemba 22, imibuzo eyi-1,043 mayelana nokuthunyelwa ngokungekho emthethweni, ukuhlinzekwa, nokumakethwa kwemishini yokukhipha ugwayi kagwayi yethulwa, kwathi engama-955 yaleyo mibuzo yaqedwa.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwabekwa izincwadi eziyisixwayiso ezingama-96 ezibiza u-$735,264, kanti ezingu-86 zokungathobeli okuhlobene nokukhangisa kanye neziyi-10 eziphathelene nokungenisa nokunikezela ngokungathobeli. Zingaphezu kuka-4,700 izinto ezifutha ugwayi ezithathwe ngaphansi kwewaranti, futhi izinto ezicishe zibe ngu-400,000 kutholakale ukuthi azihambisani nemithetho.
'Inkohliso' ye-e-cigarette flavour
UProfesa Emily Banks, udokotela wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe e-Australian National University futhi onguchwepheshe ophambili ekulawuleni ugwayi, wathi ugwayi uphakathi kwezinto ezilutha kakhulu emhlabeni.
"Akumele sibukele phansi imiphumela yokuluthwa yi-vaping enganeni noma kubantu abathintekile." Futhi ama-flavour e-cigarette ayakhohlisa kakhulu. Abantu bayazibuza, “Ingangilimaza kanjani into efakwe isithombo esimnandi?”
Uthe indawo yokwamukela izivakashi idala inganekwane yokuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi awukho emthethweni e-Australia, kodwa akunjalo. Labo abazama ukuyeka ukubhema nge-vaping bangathola imishini yokufutha ugwayi ngencwadi kadokotela.
Izinhlangano ezifana noMkhandlu Womdlavuza zifuna kuvalwe izwe lonke kuma-vape angewona awe-nicotine ukuze kuvinjelwe abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe ukuba baphambuke imithetho ngokuxosha “i-nicotine” kumalebula. Ohulumeni bezindawo nohulumeni bezifunda nabo bacela izinsiza ezengeziwe zokunqanda abantu abadayisela izingane.
