Inhloso eyinhloko ye-European Commission yokuphoqelela i-EU-wide intela yempahla emikhiqizweni emisha njengama-vapes, i-nicotine eshisayo, nezikhwama zikagwayi ihlukanise abadlali ababalulekile ukuthi izofinyelela yini imiphumela ehlosiwe.
Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi izintela eziphakeme zizokwenza ababhemayo bayeke ukushintshela emikhiqizweni emisha, kanti okunye okutholwe ocwaningweni kuthiwa akuyingozi kangako kunogwayi ovamile.
Abanye abantu baphikisa ngokuthi lesi sinyathelo siyadingeka, ngoba umonakalo usalimele, futhi intela iyindlela yokuvimbela abantu, ikakhulukazi Osemncane, ekuthatheni lezi zinto ngokuphelele.
Okwamanje alukho uhlaka olujwayelekile lwe-EU-wide ye-excise, njengoba lukhona lwemikhiqizo evamile ye-nicotine. Imakethe eyodwa ye-EU ihlukene kakhulu, amazwe angamalungu akhokhisa intela ngemikhiqizo ye-nicotine eshisayo kanye ama-e-liquids ngamanani ahlukahlukene.
Isikhulu se-EU manje sizama ukulawula imboni ngokubeka isilinganiso esincane sentela emikhiqizweni emisha. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi ingabe iKhomishini ihlola ukubambezela isicelo sayo sokunyusa izintela zikagwayi lapho ibhekene nokwehla okukhulu kwamandla emali kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, omele i-EU waphendula:
“Ikhomishana ishicilela ku-inthanethi i-'Liste des points prévus,' okuwuhlelo olukhombisayo lwezihloko okuzodingidwa ngaso emihlanganweni yamasonto onke yeKholeji LoKhomishana." Noma kunjalo, lena i-ajenda evivinyayo ethambekele ekubuyekezweni.”
Iningi labakhulumeli bezempilo yomphakathi lifuna ukukhuthaza izinga eliphakeme kunawo wonke ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyilapho imakethe ye-nicotine nabasekeli bemikhiqizo emisha kagwayi bekhuthaza intela yempahla ephansi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Okuqukethwe
Imiphumela yezempilo engajwayelekile
Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO) kanye ne-European Union (EU) bagqugquzele ukuthi kunyuswe izintela ze-nicotine kanye nemikhiqizo yamanoveli ukuze kunqandwe ukusetshenziswa kwayo.
Lapho ibuzwa ukuthi ingabe iKhomishini ikhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi intela yentela entsha engase inyuswe emikhiqizweni emisha izophoqa abantu ukuthi babuyele ekubhemeni, isikhulu se-EU saphendula, “Akukho esikuphawulayo okwamanje.”
Ngokuka-Cornel Radu-Loghin, ummeli wezempilo yomphakathi we-European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP), imboni kagwayi izama ukucasha ngesizathu sokuthi ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo zamanoveli azilimazi kangako, kufanele kudingeke ukuba zikhokhe izintela ezimbalwa. .
“Bonke odokotela babekhuthaza ugwayi ngawo-1950, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili bonke bashintsha; ubani olindele ukuthi kuzokwenzekani eminyakeni engu-20?” "Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu uzovuma ukuthi imikhiqizo emisha enjalo iyingozi kakhulu futhi inomdlavuza [...] ngakho-ke ngeke sikwazi ukulinganisa lokhu ngokwentela," kuchaza u-Loghin.
U-Loghin uqhube wathi iziphathimandla zifuna ukheshi nakuba lo mkhakha ugqugquzela inkulumompikiswano yemali elahlekile.
“Izinkampani zikagwayi zihlale zithi zihamba phambili kwisabelomali sikazwelonke […], nokho, imali ivela kubantu ababhemayo, hhayi bona,” kusho yena.
"Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu eyeka ukudla imikhiqizo kagwayi, uzosebenzisa imali kwezinye izimpahla, futhi izintela zizobuyela kulesi sabelomali sikazwelonke," enezela.
"Ngakho-ke, yonke le nkulumompikiswano mayelana nokukhokhiswa intela ezingeni elifanayo noma cha imayelana nezindaba zebhizinisi nezohwebo, kanye nendlela yokukhohlisa ohulumeni ukuze babonise ukuthi banegalelo elikhulu."
Isu lentela elisuselwe engcupheni
Ngakho-ke i-EU kufanele ivimbele “iphutha” lokukhokhisa intela ezinye izinketho ezingenabungozi kugwayi wendabuko, ngokusho kukaDavid Sweanor, ummeli waseCanada kanye noprofesa eNyuvesi yase-Ottawa.
"Kufana nokusho nje ukuthi singathanda ngempela ukuyeka izinjini ezivuthayo, kodwa njengoba sizolahlekelwa yizintela zikaphethiloli okufanele sibe nemali engenayo, sizokhokhisa izimoto zikagesi, ezivimbela abantu ukuthi bashintshe," etshela i-EURACTIV. onqenqemeni lweNgqungquthela Yesihlanu Yesayensi Yokunciphisa Ingozi Kagwayi e-Athens.
Ngokusho kwabagxeki, ohulumeni be-EU banemali futhi bafuna imali entsha ngemuva kwenhlekelele yobhubhane kanye nezingxabano zase-Ukraine.
“Uma sinyusa kakhulu amanani entengo yemikhiqizo emisha, amakhasimende azoqala ukuhlehla kuyo.” Ama-vaper ambalwa azobuyela ekubhemeni, ”kusho u-Emanuele Bracco, uprofesa osebenza naye wezomnotho eNyuvesi yaseVerona.
UBracco uthe ubufakazi besayensi busebuthakathaka njengoba lezi zinto zintsha, kodwa wengeza ngokuthi isimo sezempilo semikhiqizo emisha sihluke kakhulu kuleso semikhiqizo kagwayi evamile.
“Sinobufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda bokuthi logwayi omusha awunangozi kakhulu,” esho.
Ngokunjalo, uFrederic de Wilde, umholi wePhilip Morris International (PMI) e-European Union Region, wazise i-EURACTIV ukuthi amazwe amaningi angamalungu asebenzise intela ehlukanisiwe, eqaphela ukuthi izinhlobo ezingabhemi, okuhlanganisa ama-vape nogwayi oshisayo, zihlukile kugwayi.
"Futhi kunengqondo ukukhuluma nabo ngendlela ehlukile, ukugqugquzela abangayeki ukuthi bashintshele emikhiqizweni emihle." Impatho ehlukene ikhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi asungule futhi azinikele ekuguquleni ugwayi,” esho, enezela ngokuthi ukubhema ugwayi kuncipha kancane kancane emazweni lapho lo mehluko wenziwa khona.
U-De Wilde uphinde wakhuluma ngokubonisana okuvulekile kwe-Tobacco Excise Directive (TED), ethi amaphesenti angama-81 alabo abahlolisisiwe, okuhlanganisa ochwepheshe nososayensi bakweseka ukuhlukaniswa kwentela okusekelwe engozini.
"UMkhandlu ukhiphe isiphakamiso ngoJuni 2020 sokuthi noma yikuphi ukucwaningwa kwentela kagwayi ezingeni le-EU kumele kubhekwe isimo esingcono kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu, kukhumbula izici ezihlukene zemikhiqizo nokusetshenziswa kwayo," esho.
Izimakethe ezimnyama seziseduze
U-De Wilde uphinde wagcizelela ukuthi intela elinganayo ayibakhuthazi ngempela abasebenzisi bakagwayi ukuthi bathenge ezimakethe ezingekho emthethweni, njengoba kwenzeka eFrance, “lapho intela ekhuphukayo yenze ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni kwenyuka ngamaphesenti angama-30 ngo-2021 kwaba ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yokusetshenziswa kwayo yonke. ”
"Umbiko wakamuva we-KPMG uphakamisa kakhulu ukuthi intela eyeqisayo ikhuthaza ukuhwebelana ngokungemthetho emazweni aseYurophu," esho.
Kulandela ukwenyuka okukhulu kwezintela, cishe izikhathi ezintathu zomkhawulo omncane weKhomishini ye-Eu, imakethe yomshoshaphansi eFrance ikhuphuke yafinyelela kumaphesenti angama-29.4 ngo-2021 isuka kumaphesenti ayi-13.1 ngo-2017.
Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kuphumele ekulahlekelweni kwemali yentela eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-6.2 ngo-2021, ngokusho kwesiFulentshi Izindaba ama-akhawunti, futhi uhulumeni uhlela ukunyuswa kwentela okusha ukuze aphendule ngokukhuphuka kwamandla emali.
E-EU iyonke, ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-3.9, noma imikhiqizo kagwayi eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.3, ngo-2021, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angama-2.3 ngo-2020.
“Ukube le mikhiqizo kagwayi ibitholwe ngokusemthethweni emazweni lapho ibiphawulwe khona, bekuzoba nentela eyengeziwe eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10.4 e-EU,” ngokombiko we-KPMG oxhaswe yimboni.
Kuphinde kwavela imakethe engekho emthethweni e-Ukraine, ephuca isizwe imali eyayidingeka kakhulu empini yaso yokulwa nokuhlasela kweRussia.
Imakethe kagwayi engekho emthethweni yabiza uhulumeni wase-Ukraine cishe izigidi ezingu-180 zama-euro, okwenza uMongameli uVolodymyr Zelenskyy ukuba axazulule futhi avale imboni yokukhiqiza ebanjwe ukuze iziphendulele ngokukhiqiza okungekho emthethweni.
