Ucwaningo Lwakamuva Luphakamisa Ukungabaza Okwengeziwe Ekulweni Kwe-FDA Nogwayi We-E Obukhazikhazi.

Usizi lwe vaping phakathi kwentsha iyashabalala ngokushesha, futhi indawo yabantu abadala ababhemayo ithathwa i-vaping, umkhuba othathwa njengoyingozi kangako kodwa abalawuli basebenza ubusuku nemini ukuze bamise ugwayi we-E onephunga elimnandi. 

Inkantolo yombuso isanda kuxhasa izinkampani ezihlukahlukene emzamweni wazo wokuthengisa i-nicotine imikhiqizo yokushisa ezinhlobonhlobo zama-flavour kulandela ukwenqatshwa kwesicelo sabo yiFood and Drug Administration (FDA). I ebusa yiNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala yase-US kwabangu-11^th Isifunda sathi izinqumo ze-FDA "azinangqondo futhi azinangqondo" njengoba i-ejensi ayizange icabangele ukuqinisekiswa kweminyaka yobudala kanye nezinhlelo zokukhushulwa ezibekwe ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi phakathi kwezingane. Kodwa-ke, ekuphikisaneni kwakhe, uJury Robin Rosenbaum uthe ukunqoba komkhiqizi ngokungangabazeki kungokwesikhashana, njengoba i-FDA ibukeka sengathi ayikakakulungeli ukuvumela ukudayiswa kwanoma yimiphi imikhiqizo ephunga elimnandi ngaphandle kukagwayi.

Kuyaxaka lokho ngoba labo abayeke ukubhema bakhetha ukubhema bane- okuncamelayo okukhulu ngezinambitheka ezingezona zikagwayi. Ngokusho kwe-FDA uqobo yokwemukelwa, "amasistimu okulethwa kwe-nicotine kagesi” (IQINISO), yenza kube nethemba elikhulu lokuthola okunye ugwayi ongayingozi kangako. Kodwa-ke, i-FDA igcizelela ukuntula kobufakazi obanele bethonya lezinhlobonhlobo ze-flavour kubantu abadala ababhemayo, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo iphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nomthelela we-flavour ehlukahlukene ekuheheni intsha ekushiseni. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona amathuba okuthi i-FDA iphinde ibheke izicelo ezibuyiselwe kwabangu-11.^th Sekukonke, bangase bawanqabele futhi, ngaphandle kokubheka izindlela abakhiqizi abazisebenzisayo ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezingane ezincane.

I-FDA injalo ephikisanayo ukuvumela ukuthengiswa kwe-flavour ehlukahlukene njengoba ikhathazekile nge inhlekelele of vaping phakathi kwentsha. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-Monitoring the Future (MTF), futhi oluxhaswe uhulumeni luveza ukuthi ukunyuka kwezinga lokusetshenziswa kukagwayi we-e phakathi kwentsha elidonse ukunaka kwe-FDA ngo-2018 nango-2018 liyehla ngokuhlelekile, nakuba i-ENDS esele enambitheka isafinyeleleka kubantu abadala njengoba i-FDA isazofika esiphethweni sokuthi iyabavumela noma ayikakaqinisi zinyathelo ezimelene nabo. Imininingwane iphinde yembula ukuthi ukubhema phakathi kwentsha kuqhubekile nokuncipha ngemuva kokukhula kokuthandwa kwe-vaping. Leso yisimo esifanayo entsheni: ngokunyuka kwe-vaping ka-2021 phakathi kwabaneminyaka engu-19-30 ubudala, ukubhema ugwayi kuqophe izinga eliphansi kakhulu.

Indlela izinto ezibukeka ngayo iyinkomba yokuthi sifakaza ngqo uhlobo lwezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ubungozi i-FDA okukholakala ukuthi ibheke phambili kuzo. Idatha cishe iphikisana nombono wokuthi ukuba khona kwe-ENDS kuye kwaholela ekwenyukeni kwezinga lokubhema. Kodwa-ke, iJaji u-Rosenbaum, obonakala esekela umbono wokuthi ukuphikisa kwe-FDA ku-ENDS enongiwe kunesizathu esanele, uthi ukuhwamuka kuye kwadalulwa njengesiqalo sokubhema ugwayi ovamile. Akabhekiseli kunoma ibuphi ubufakazi obusekela imizwa yakhe, ebonakala ingamukelekile ngenxa yokwehla okuqhubekayo kwentsha kanye nabantu abadala.

Ucwaningo lwe-MTF olwenziwa minyaka yonke ngabacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseMichigan ngesizotha seNational Institute on Abuse Abuse, luqondise okwesishiyagalombili, kweshumi.^th, ne-12^th-abafundi bebanga. Okutholwe ngo-2021 kukhombisa ukuthi kuwo womathathu amabanga, ukwanda kwe-nicotine vaping yenyanga yakamuva. yehle kakhulu.

Amaphesenti akhuphuke afinyelela ku-10.5 ngo-2020 kubafundi abenza ibanga lesishiyagalombili futhi kamuva ehla afinyelela ku-7.6% ngonyaka odlule. Ngo-2019 kwaqoshwa izinga elingu-19.9 no-25.5% phakathi kwalabo kwabayi-10.^th kanye namabanga ayi-12 ngokulandelana, futhi ngonyaka odlule, izinga lehle lafinyelela ku-13.1% no-19.6%, ngokulandelana. Phakathi nenkathi ka-2019 no-2021, izinga lokwanda kwe-vaping nsuku zonke lehle laya ku-1.1% lisuka ku-2% phakathi kwabafundi bebanga lesishiyagalombili, lisuka ku-6.8% laya ku-2.5% kubafundi abayi-10.^th grade, futhi kusukela ku-11.6% kuya ku-5.4 phakathi kwalabo kwabangu-12^th banga.

Imiphumela ihambisana kakhulu ne okutholwe kusukela kuCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) exhaswe yiNational Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). Ngokocwaningo, izehlakalo zabafundi bezikole zamabanga aphezulu abasebenzisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi enyangeni eyandulele zifinyelele ku-27.5% ngo-2019 ngaphambi kokuba zehle zafika ku-11.3% ngo-2021. Abantu abadala basengathenga i-ENDS ngenani lama-flavour, kodwa “ubhubhane” oluthi I-CDC kanye ne-FDA bayigxekile ibukeka sengathi ifa ngokushesha.

Alukho ucwaningo olunikeza ubufakazi “besango” i-Rosenbaum ekholelwa ukuthi likhona. Ngokuphambene, naphezu kokwanda okukhulu kwe-vaping, ukuthambekela kokubhema phakathi kwentsha kusalokhu kubi. Ngokocwaningo lwe-MTF, ukwanda kokubhenywa kukagwayi kwenyanga yakamuva phakathi kwabafundi bebanga le-12. yehla yaya ku-2% ngo-2021 isuka ku-10.3% ngo-2011. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani labantu ababhema ugwayi "nsuku zonke" lehlile lisuka ku-4.3% laya ku-0.8%. Ngokwe-NYTS, lehle iphesenti labafundi bezikole zamabanga aphezulu ababike ukuthi babhema ugwayi phakathi nenyanga edlule lisuka ku-15.8% ngo-2011 laya ku-1.9% ngo-2012.

Kunezizathu zokukholelwa ukuthi KUPHELA, kunokuba kwehliswe ukwehla kokubhema kwentsha, kubhebhethekile lowo mkhuba, owakhula ngokushesha njengoba i-vaping ibamba. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, i-vaping ingcono “kwimpilo yomphakathi” kunokubhema, okuyilokho i-FDA ehlose ukukugqugquzela. Kodwa-ke, le nhlangano iyipenda njengosongo olukhulu entsheni yaseMelika. I-FDA ngeke ize ihlole izinzuzo zokushintshwa okunjalo uma kuthinta intsha.

Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kuka-2019 kwe-NYTS idatha, intsha eyayikade ibhema manje noma yesikhathi esidlule yayivame ukusebenzisa i-e-cigarettes. Intsha evuvukalayo esikhundleni sokubhema yenza iningi lokwehla kwakamuva kwe-vaping yentsha, ngakho-ke kubonakala kunengqondo ukuthi lokhu kuncipha akukaphumeleli ekwenyukeni kokubhema. Kodwa-ke, i-FDA kufanele iqaphele noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezenza kube lula ukuthenga ugwayi kune-ENDS noma ezenza i-ENDS ingayengi labo abangase babheme. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ingase ibonise ukwanda kwezinga lokufa okuhlobene nokubhema esikhundleni sokuncipha.

Lokho kuhlaziya kufanele ngokunengqondo kuhlanganise kokubili abadala kanye nentsha. Kodwa-ke, i-FDA imile ekutheni uma ama-vaper engaphansi kweminyaka engama-21, izinzuzo zezempilo zokushintsha ugwayi ngo-ENDS azisebenzi. Ngakho-ke ake sibheke ukuthi izibalo ze-MTF zithini mayelana nezindleko ezingase zibe khona zokuvimbela abantu abadala ekuthengeni izinto zomphunga abazifuna ngokusobala.

An Umbiko we-MTF ithi “intsha ebhemayo ugwayi ibilokhu yehla ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ngo-2004 futhi yehle kakhulu ngo-2021.” Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kwehle kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kusuka ku-21.2% ngo-2011 kuya ku-9% ngo-2021.

Ukwehla kokubhema kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-19 no-30 muva nje kuhambisane nokwanda kwe-vaping. Leli phepha liphawula ukuthi njengoba laqoshwa okokuqala ngo-2017, amaphesenti Osemncane abantu ababike ukuthi basebenzisa i-nicotine vape ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ezedlule bacishe baphindeka kathathu, bafinyelela ku-16.1% ngo-2021. Ngokocwaningo, ingxenye Osemncane abantu ababika besebenzisa i-nicotine vape ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ezandulele cishe sekuphindeke kathathu kusukela yaqala ukuhlonzwa ngo-2017, yafinyelela ku-16.1% ngo-2021.

Kuleli qembu leminyaka yobudala, ukusabalala kwe-vaping kukhuphuke ngo-160% phakathi kuka-2017 no-2021, kuyilapho izinga lokubhenywa kukagwayi lehle ngo-39% phakathi naleso sikhathi esifanayo. I-hypothesis ka-Rosenbaum yokuthi i-vaping eyengeziwe iholela ekwandeni kokubhema ayisekelwe yilezi zindlela. Nokho, basekela umbono wokuthi abaningi Osemncane abantu abadala bakhetha ukuvapa kunokubhema.

I-FDA kuthiwa ifuna ukubona okuningi ngakho. I-FDA iyadingeka ukuthi ilandele leli zinga ngaphansi kwe Umthetho Wokuvimbela Ukubhema Komndeni kanye Nokulawula Ugwayi. Isisekelo esiphelele sokugunyaza ukuthengiswa kwe-ENDS ukuthi izosiza ekwehliseni izinga lokufa nokugula okuhlobene nogwayi ngokunikeza ababhemayo indlela yokusebenzisa i-nicotine eyingozi kakhulu. I-FDA, nokho, iyagomela ukuthi ayikholelwa ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwe-flavour kubalulekile kwababhemayo abenze noma abazokwenza ushintsho olungase lube khona olusindisa impilo.

Ngokuphambene, i-FDA igcina ukuthi intsha inenani ukuhlukahluka kwama-flavour. Ikholelwa ukuthi uma ugwayi kuwukuphela kwesinambitheka esitholakalayo, okungenani ezinye zazo zizogwema ukuhwamuka. Ukuhlola kwe-FDA akulibheki nhlobo ithuba lokuthi enye intsha izobhema esikhundleni. Ukwengeza, ilulaza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abadala bazoba sengozini efanayo, bethi izinkampani ze-ENDS azinikezanga ubufakazi obanele balokho kungenzeka.

I-FDA ayizange icabangele kahle izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwenqubomgomo yayo okuthiwa ivikela intsha, ngokwephula isibopho sayo esingokomthetho sokwenza kanjalo. Kunalokho, iyehluleka ukwamukela ukuthi noma yiziphi izindleko zidinga ukucatshangelwa.

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