Ngokocwaningo olusanda kukhishwa, intsha yase-US manje ivama njalo futhi isebenzisa insangu eyengeziwe, imbalwa intsha ephuza utshwala futhi iyabhema ugwayi.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwentsha kuye kwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi e-United States, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezisetshenziswa yi-cannabis kanye ne-nicotine/cannabis vaping, ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yi-Columbia University cishe eminyakeni engama-30.
Wonke amaqembu ocwaningo athole ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwensangu, kodwa abasebenzi abasebasha bathole ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu, ngokusho kwabacwaningi. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ukufutha kwensangu kukhuphuke kakhulu “entsha ehlala nabantu kodwa engazibandakanyi,” kanti i-nicotine vaping ikhuphuke kakhulu “eqenjini lezenhlalo elizibandakanya kakhulu nelaligadiwe kancane.”
I-Mailman School of Public Health e-Columbia University ithole ukuthi izingane ezichitha isikhathi esiningi zingagadiwe maningi amathuba okuthi zidle izidakamizwa zizonke. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi ukuqashwa ukuze uziphilise kwandisa amathuba entsha okusebenzisa izidakamizwa kakhulu.
Izindlela zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zentsha e-US
Abacwaningi basebenzise i-Monitoring the Future ucwaningo lweNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) ukulandelela idatha evela entsheni engaphezu kuka-536,000 phakathi kuka-1991 no-2019. insangu, ugwayi, nokuphuzwa kotshwala kanjalo nensangu kanye ukuphefumula kwe-nicotine phakathi abafundi bebanga lesishiyagalombili (abaneminyaka engu-13-14), 10th amabanga (abaneminyaka engu-15-16 ubudala), kanye ne-12th amathrendi (abaneminyaka engu-17-18) alandelelwa.
Abacwaningi babe sebeqhathanisa le datha nemingcele yezibalo zabantu njengokuqashwa, izinga lokugadwa kwabantu abadala, ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini ehleliwe, nokusebenzelana komphakathi. Babheka lezi zindlela ngokuningiliziwe ezigabeni eziningana, okuhlanganisa ubuhlanga, imfundo yabazali, kanye sex.
Esitatimendeni, umbhali wocwaningo oluyisisekelo, uNoah Kreski, MPH, womnyango we-epidemiology wesikole sase-Columbia Mailman, uphawule ukuthi izimo zezenhlalo lapho intsha ihlanganyela nontanga, njengamaphathi, “zinikeza amathuba okusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho umuntu omdala. ukugadwa.” Intsha ingase ibe nokucindezela kontanga kulezi zimo zomphakathi ukuze idle izidakamizwa noma utshwala ukuze yamukeleke.
Kodwa-ke, uKreski nabanye ababhali baveze ukuthi lokhu kungaba yiqiniso ikakhulukazi Osemncane abantu abanemisebenzi abavame ukuxhumana nabantu abadala kanye nabantu abadala. Ababhali bacabanga ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi intsha esebenzayo ivamise ukuvela emaqenjini ampofu kwezenhlalo-mnotho, iphonswa “ebukhulwini mbumbulu,” lapho ithatha khona ukuziphatha okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nabantu abadala.
Leli qembu lengeze ngokuthi labo abasebenzisa insangu, ikakhulukazi, babonakala bebheka abanye abasebenzisi be-cannabis. Ngokusho kocwaningo, i-vaping nayo yayihlotshaniswa nomthelela womphakathi.
Yize ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kuvame ukukhuphuka kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ukufutha kwentsha kukhule ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje. Kubafundi bebanga lesishiyagalombili, leli phesenti linyuke lisuka ku-7.5% laya ku-16.5% phakathi kuka-2017 no-2019, kubafundi bebanga leshumi linyuke lisuka ku-15.8% laya ku-30.7%, kanti kubafundi bebanga leshumi nambili linyuke lisuka ku-18.8% laya ku-35.3%.
Ngokusho kweNational Institutes of Health, ecaphune inhlolovo efanayo ye-Monitoring the Future, amanani ahlala ezinzile ngo-2020 ku-16.6%, 30.7%, kanye nama-34.5%, ngokulandelana.
Ngokusho kukaKreski, i-vaping boom imangalisa kakhulu.
UKreski utshele i-HealthDay Izindaba ukuthi "iyaqhubeka ngeminyaka emithathu nje."
Ngokwalokho okutholwe kulolu cwaningo, u-15% wentsha eyaphendula uvumile ukuthi yayiziphuzele emasontweni amabili edlule, kuyilapho u-27% wavuma ukuthi wawuphuze utshwala phakathi nenyanga edlule.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, u-13% wentsha wavuma ukuthi wasebenzisa insangu ngenyanga edlule, u-15% wavuma ukuthi wawubhema ugwayi, u-9% wavuma ukuthi wawusebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa ngenyanga edlule, kanti u-12% wavuma ukuthi wawusebenzisa i-nicotine.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi kusukela ngo-2017 kuqhubeke, i-6% eyengeziwe yabantu ibike i-cannabis ephuphumayo.
Ababhali balolu cwaningo baveze ukuthi ukuthola ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaphethini okusebenzisa isikhathi ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nemiphumela yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kungavula izindlela ezintsha zokufundisa intsha ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokungenelela ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa.
Okutholakele kwashicilelwa kujenali Ukusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nokungalungi ngoSepthemba 20. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuxhashazwa Kwezidakamizwa sinikeze uxhaso lwezimali.
