Futhi futhi, i-Food and Drug Administration iveze ingozi esongela impilo yabantu baseMelika: i-FDA uqobo. Inani labantu baseMelika ababhemayo liye landa phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule; kodwa-ke, izikhulu zesikhungo sombuso zisebenza kanzima ukuze zibone ushintsho esimweni.
I-FDA iyalele uJuul ukuthi aqede ibhizinisi likagwayi we-elekthronikhi (elibizwa kabanzi ngokuthi iJuul), ubuchwepheshe obukhiqiza kakhulu obake bathuthukiswa ukusiza ukunxenxa ababhemayo ukuba baqede ukubhema. Esinye isiphakamiso esivela kule nhlangano siwukunciphisa inani le-nicotine kugwayi ovamile, iqhinga elingazange liphumelele ukuyenga ababhemayo ukuba bayeke ukubhema eminyakeni edlule—futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, lingenza ababhemayo basebenzise i-nicotine eyingozi kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngokwandisa izinga labo lokubhema noma ngokuthenga ugwayi ogcwele amandla emakethe.
Ukwenqatshelwa kukaJuul, okwamiswa isikhashana yinkantolo yobumbano kulandela ukudluliswa kwecala ngokumelene nomyalo we-FDA, akuphambani kuphela namazinga ezempilo yomphakathi kodwa futhi nobuhlakani bezepolitiki: Asikho isizathu sokuphikisa izigidi zabavoti ngonyaka lapho kulindeleke ukuthi bakhethe abaholi babo ngokubaphuca amalungelo abo e-vape? I-FDA ivumile ukuthi ayikwazanga ukukhomba noma iyiphi “ingozi esheshayo” evezwe ngabakwaJuul emphakathini. Yathi inkampani yehlulekile ukunikeza ulwazi olwanele mayelana nomthelela wezempilo kaJuul, kodwa lokho kugomela akuqinisekisiwe—uJuul wasebenzisa imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 zamaRandi ukuze afake isicelo ku-FDA. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, akunangqondo ukukhononda ngezingozi ezingabalulekile ezingaziwa ezihlobene nogwayi we-elekthronikhi, okwalinganiselwa ukuthi isikhungo sezempilo yomphakathi e-UK 95% ephephile uma kuqhathaniswa nogwayi kagwayi.
Ukuvinjelwa kunengqondo kuphela njengezithakazelo ezikhethekile noma abaphathi ababheka ugwayi we-elekthronikhi njengengozi, okunikeza okuhlukahlukene. izinzuzo ze-nicotine-isimo sengqondo esithuthukisiwe, ukukhathazeka okuncane, ukusebenza kwengqondo okuthuthukisiwe nokugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nokulawula isisindo-ngokungabikho kobuthi obuningi entuthuni kagwayi. I-Nicotine, njenge-caffeine, ingaba umlutha futhi iholele ekukhuphukeni kancane kwesikhashana komfutho wegazi; Nokho, ngokusho kweBritish Royal Society for Public Health's isiphetho, lezi ezimbili “azinangozi neze.”
Ngokwezimangalo ze-FDA's anti-vaping crusaders kanye nabasebenzisana nabo, ugwayi we-elekthronikhi uyindawo yokungena entsheni ekubhemeni, kodwa isibalo sentsha ebhemayo sehle ngokushesha, kakhulu enkathini yokushunqisa kunangeminyaka edlule. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, lapho ugwayi we-elekthronikhi ungena emakethe, izinga lokubhema phakathi kwabafundi besikole esiphakeme lalingu-13%: okwamanje, isilinganiso singaphansi kuka-2%.
Akekho ofisa ukubona osemusha ecwile kakhulu nge-nicotine, nakuba umthetho usuvele ungamvumeli ukuthi athenge ugwayi we-electronic. Ngokuvumelana ne Ukuhlola, amazinga e-vaping phakathi kwabafundi esikoleni esiphakeme ehle kakhulu phakathi neminyaka emibili edlule, futhi intsha esakwenza lokho, ikwenza ngezikhathi ezithile, ikhipha i-nicotine. (Iningi labo, ngokombiko, lisebenzise izisetshenziswa zokushunqisa ukuze lidle insangu, noma ngabe izimpi zenkolo eziqhubekayo zingakusebenzisi lokho kusekelwa ekuvinjelweni kokuthengiswa kwensangu kubantu abadala.)
Inani labantu abadala ababhemayo liye lafakazela a ukwehla okukhulu enkathini ye-vaping, ikakhulukazi kulandela ukungena kweJuul, kanye nokubonakala izinzuzo zezempilo. A cwaningo lokho okwenziwa muva nje, okubhekiswe kubantu baseMelika abangaphezu kuka-30,000 phakathi neminyaka eyisithupha, kuqhamuke nokutholakele okukhombisa ukuthi inani lezifo zenhliziyo phakathi kwabathengi bakagwayi we-elekthronikhi lalingaphansi kwenani lababhemayo - lalilingana nenani labantu ababhemayo. wayengabhemi futhi engabhemi.
Ucwaningo oluningana luqhamuke nokutholakele ukuthi i-e-cigarettes waba nendima ekuthonyeni ababhemayo ukuba bayeke futhi babonisile ngempumelelo kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihlinzekwa esikhundleni se-nicotine (njengezinsini noma ama-nicotine patches). Ngisho nababhemayo abazimisele ukuwuyeka lo mkhuba ngaphezulu ukuyeka uma kwenzeka besebenzisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi okungenani kanye ngosuku. Impumelelo yeJuul ingabalulwa ngokuqondile ekuhlinzekeni kwayo ngethamo eliphezulu le-nicotine ngendlela emunca kakhulu, njengakugwayi kagwayi. Ukutholwa kocwaningo kubonise ukuthi u-50% wababhemi abakhethe uJuul yekela ukubhema ngonyaka owodwa. Ehlukile ibonise ukuthi amathuba okuba ababhemayo bayeke aphezulu uma bedla uJuul ogcwele amandla esikhundleni saleyo ene-nicotine encishisiwe.
Yilokhu abezempilo yomphakathi abebekulindile ukuzwa. Nokho, izinkampani ezinokumaketha okuncane kwempahla ezuzisayo yokuyeka ukubhema, izikhulu, izifundiswa, namasosha enkolo, imisebenzi yawo esekelwe ekulweni nogwayi, azizange zikujabulele lokhu. Njengoba iningi labantu baseMelika linesipiliyoni sokusebenzisa amadivaysi e-vaping ukuze bayeke ukubhema, ingabe ikhona indlela abahlaseli be-anti-vaping crusaders abangayithethelela ngayo imisebenzi yabo? Kunemali eningi engcupheni: I-FDA iqoqa imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-800 zamaRandi ngonyaka egameni lezindleko zabasebenzisi bakagwayi, eziqondiswe ekuthuthukiseni impilo ngokubheka imiphumela emibi yemikhiqizo kagwayi.
Ukuze kugcinwe ukuhamba kwemali, abaphathi basebenzise incazelo edukisayo kagwayi we-elekthronikhi (umkhiqizo kagwayi), kanye nokubeka umgomo omusha wokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwe-nicotine okuvamile. Kusukela ngesikhathi yethula umkhankaso wokulwa nogwayi we-elekthronikhi, i-Center for Tobacco Products ye-FDA ibone ukwanda kwabasebenzi bayo bafinyelela kubantu abangaphezu kwe-1,100 ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kobukhulu bayo bangempela, futhi ibikhipha izigidi zamadola minyaka yonke njengezibonelelo, ingxenye enkulukazi iqondiswe ezinhlanganweni ezingenzi inzuzo ezishumayela ivangeli elimelene nomphunga kanye nakubacwaningi abakhuthaza ukuvinjelwa kwe-nicotine.
Ngokudabukisayo, umkhankaso wokuqamba amanga we-FDA usuyifezile inhloso yawo, ngosizo lwemithombo yezindaba ejwayelekile, eyakha ukwethuka kokuziphatha ngokuxhumanisa ukufa okubangelwe yi-black market I-THC imikhiqizo ku-e-cigarettes. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi ye-vaping, iningi labantu baseMelika elitholakele ukuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi ube nemithelela emincane yezempilo uma uqhathaniswa nogwayi kagwayi, nokho izinhlolovo ezenziwe kamuva yabonisa ukuthi iningi lengozi ebangelwa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi yayinkulu nakakhulu—ukucabangela okuyiphutha okuyobangela ukufa kusenesikhathi kwababhemayo abaningi.
Ukwenqabela i-nicotine umgomo ongenazithelo futhi ongenakwenzeka. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala kuyindaba eyingozi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokubhema kwentsha, kodwa kube wukubona kwethu ukuthi izinkinga zizodalwa kunezixazululo lapho abantu abadala bevinjelwa ukubhema. ukuthenga utshwala. Leso simo esifanayo ngogwayi we-e. Uma kwenzeka i-FDA ikwazile ukuvimbela uJuul nemikhiqizo ehlobene, ukukhetha okusele kubantu baseMelika kuzoba ukubuyela kugwayi kagwayi noma bacabange kabusha ama-bootlegger.
UMichael Siegel waseTufts University uthi okungenani abantu abadala abayizigidi ezine abasebenzisa i-e-cigarette ukuze bayeke ukubhema bayaqhubeka bewusebenzisa ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ababuyeli kulo mkhuba. Sekungamashumi amathathu eminyaka, uSiegel ecwaninga ngokulawulwa kukagwayi. Uyaqhubeka nokusho ukuthi uma kwenzeka i-FDA ivimbela iningi likagwayi we-elekthronikhi, lokho kungabangela inqwaba yabantu ababekade bebhema ukuthi babuyele ekubhemeni, okuholela enhlekeleleni yezempilo yomphakathi.
Eqinisweni elikhohlisayo le-FDA, ekunciphiseni amazinga e-nicotine kugwayi afinyelele ezingeni elibhekwa "elingaluthiki," ababhemayo bazobe bephephile. Esimemezelweni sabo sangaphambilini, le nhlangano yathi bahlela ukunciphisa amazinga e-nicotine kuwo wonke ugwayi, beqhubeka nokuchaza ugwayi one-nicotine ephansi “njengefanele ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi.” Ngokusho kukaBrad Rodu, uprofesa eNyuvesi yaseLouisville, kuwukugunyazwa okungavamile komkhiqizo osongela ukuphila, ikakhulukazi uma kunikezwe imizamo yangaphambili engaphumelelanga yokusebenzisa ugwayi we-e ukuze abantu ababhemayo bayeke.
Okwamanje, ayikho inqubomgomo yangempela engalindelwa ku-FDA. Kungenzeka ukuthi uJuul uzovinjwa yizinkantolo ngokumelene nobuhlanya be-FDA, futhi mhlawumbe osopolitiki ababheke elinye ihlandla esikhundleni bazovikela abathandi be-nicotine. Nokho, ngezindleko zikagwayi zamaRandi angu-800, nokulawula ukwenqatshelwa kwe-nicotine ngaphansi kwe-FDA, impilo yaseMelika isazochayeka engozini.
