Ngokusho kokuhlola oku-2 okuzimele kocwaningo lokuqala oluzokwethulwa ku-American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2022, abantu abadala abasebenzisa imishini yokulethwa kwe-nicotine ye-elekthronikhi, noma ugwayi electronic, yayinokwehluka komsebenzi wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi futhi yenza okubi kakhulu ekuhloleni ukucindezeleka kokuvivinya umzimba kunabantu abangazange basebenzise noma yimiphi imikhiqizo ye-nicotine. Umhlangano, ozoqhutshwa mathupha nange-elekthronikhi e-Chicago kusukela ngoNovemba 5-7, 2022, uwukushintshana okukhulu komhlaba wonke kwentuthuko yakamuva yesayensi, ucwaningo, kanye nezibuyekezo zokuzijwayeza zomtholampilo ezisekelwe ebufakazini kwisayensi yenhliziyo.
Ososayensi Bocwaningo Lwe-Cardiac and LUng E-cig Smoking (CLUES) bazokwethula izifushaniso ezimbili eziqhathanisa imiphumela phakathi kwabantu aba-vaped, abantu ababhema ugwayi ovamile, ovuthayo, kanye nalabo ababike ukuthi abazange badle noma yimiphi imikhiqizo ye-nicotine.
Abacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseWisconsin baphothule ucwaningo lwe-CLUES kusukela ngo-March 2019 kuya ku-March 2022. Umgomo wabo kwakuwukuhlola imiphumela yesikhashana yokubhema ugwayi kanye nokufutheka emiluthweni ye-nicotine evamile kontanga abafaniswayo abangazange basebenzise i-nicotine nganoma iyiphi indlela. Phakathi kwabahlanganyeli benhlolovo abangama-395 kwakukhona:
- Abantu abangu-164 babike ukuthi basebenzisa i-e-cigarettes kuphela isilinganiso seminyaka engu-4.1, kanti amaphesenti angu-80 asebenzisa imodeli yamanje kakhulu yama-vaporizers (okusho iminyaka engu-27.4, amaphesenti angu-39 abesifazane, amaphesenti angu-86 uhlanga lwabamhlophe);
- abantu abayi-117 ababhema ugwayi ovamile, ovuthayo ngokungaguquki iminyaka engama-23 (isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala engama-42.8, amaphesenti angama-44 abesifazane, amaphesenti angama-56 abelungu); futhi
- Abantu abadala abangu-114 abaveze ukuthi abakaze baqhume noma babheme futhi manje abasenemiphumela ye-nicotine engemihle yomchamo (isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala engama-30.8, amaphesenti angama-50 abesifazane, amaphesenti angama-69 wohlanga lwabamhlophe).
Abacwaningi bahlole umfutho wegazi, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, nobubanzi bomthambo wegazi ongalweni, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwesilinganiso senhliziyo, ngaphambi nangemizuzu efika kweyi-15 ngemva kokuba ababambiqhaza bebheme noma bapheshulwe embikweni wokuqala (Abstract SU3138 – Acute Effects Of Nicotine-containing Izinselelo Zomkhiqizo Kumsebenzi Wenhliziyo Nemithambo yegazi Nokuzimela Phakathi Kwama-Vaper Kagwayi Ka-elekthronikhi, Ababhema Ugwayi Ovuthayo, Nezilawuli: Ucwaningo Lwemikhondo). Ucwaningo lube seluqhathanisa ukufundwa kwangaphambi nangemuva kwalokho okuthathwe imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kweyi-15 ngokuhlukana ezifundweni ezingakaze zibheme noma zibheme.
Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangayidli i-nicotine, ama-vaper nalabo ababhema ugwayi wendabuko babe:
- ukwenyuka okukhulu kwezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, okusho ukuthi izinhliziyo zabo zishaya ngokushesha kakhudlwana Labo ababhema ugwayi noma i-vaped babe nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo okungaba izikhathi ezi-4 ngomzuzu (bpm) ngemva kokubhema noma ukuphefumula, kodwa labo ababethi abawusebenzisi nicotine babengenakho ukuhluka isilinganiso senhliziyo.
- ukwanda kwe-systolic (inombolo ephezulu) kanye ne-diastolic (inombolo ephansi) umfutho wegazi Umfutho wegazi ukhuphuke usuka cishe ku-122/72 mm Hg wafinyelela cishe ku-127/77 mm Hg ngemva kokuphefumula noma ukubhema, kuyilapho abantu abangakaze basebenzise imikhiqizo ye-nicotine babonisa ukungaguquki ezilinganisweni zomfutho wegazi. .
Abantu abasebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe i-nicotine babonise ukuminyana okwenyukayo kwemithambo yegazi kanye nezinkomba ezimbi kakhulu zokushintshashintsha kokushaya kwenhliziyo ngemva kokubhema noma ukuphefumula, okuphakamisa ukukhuthazwa kwesimiso sezinzwa esizwelayo somzimba. Isimiso sezinzwa esinozwela sinomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-reflex yokulwa-noma-indiza. Uma othile ekhathazekile noma esengozini, iqala ukusebenza, ishaye ngamandla, ikhulise isidingo senhliziyo somoya-mpilo, futhi ibangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-arterial wall.
"Kwakukhona mayelana nokuhlukahluka komfutho wegazi, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuguquguquka kwesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nethoni yemithambo yegazi (ukuvinjelwa) ngokushesha ngemva kokubhema noma ukuphefumula," kusho umlobi ocwaningayo oholayo uMatthew C. Tattersall, DO, MS, uprofesa osizayo wezokwelapha. e-University of Wisconsin School of Medicine kanye ne-Public Health kanye nomqondisi ohlangene we-cardiology yokuvimbela e-UW Health eMadison, eWisconsin. "Le datha yembula ubungozi obukhulu bokuguquguquka kwezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngokushesha ngemva kokubhema noma ukuphefumula, futhi ukukhuthazwa kwesimiso sezinzwa kungase kube nengxenye ekuphenduleni okulimazayo okubikwe ngokushesha ngemva kokusebenzisa ugwayi we-electronic kanye nemizuzu engu-90 kamuva ngemva kokuhlolwa kokuzivocavoca."
Abaphenduli abafanayo baqhathaniswe ocwaningweni lwecala (Abstract SA3142 - Umehluko Kumapharamitha Wokuhlola Ukucindezelwa Kwe-Treadmill Phakathi KwamaVaper Kagwayi Kagesi, Ababhema Ugwayi Ovuthayo, Nezilawuli: Ucwaningo Lwemikhondo) ukuhlola ukusebenza kwabo ekuhloleni ukucindezeleka kokuvivinya umzimba, okuqashelwa ukubikezela. imiphumela yezifo zenhliziyo. Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-treadmill kwenziwa cishe imizuzu engama-90 90 ngemuva kokuba izifundo zibheme noma ziqhume, kanye nemizuzu engama-90 ngemuva kokuthi labo ababethi abayiphuzi i-nicotine sebephumule.
Phakathi nokulandela ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka, kwaqoqwa futhi kwahlaziywa izinyathelo ezine zemiphumela:
- Izilinganiso ze-Metabolic (METS), iyunithi yokulinganisa yomthamo wokuzivocavoca noma ukufaneleka: I-MET engu-1 ilingana nokuhlala uthule lapho uphumule, kuyilapho uhambo olusheshayo lulingana no-3-4 METS noma izikhathi ezingu-3-4 amandla asetshenziswa umzimba lapho uphumule. I-METS ephansi ekuhlolweni kokucindezeleka ixhunywe nengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
- Umkhiqizo we-rate-pressure ubhekisela esilinganisweni somsebenzi owenziwe yinhliziyo phakathi namazinga aphezulu okuzivocavoca, okungukuthi umthwalo wokusebenza enhliziyweni. Izinga elikhulu libonisa ukuthi inhliziyo inamandla okusebenza kanzima.
- Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo libhekisela esilinganisweni sokushaya kwenhliziyo ephumulayo ngokuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso esiphezulu sokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqagelwe ngesikhathi sokuzivivinya - ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi inhliziyo ikwazi ukugodla kangakanani, ngokugcina okukhulu okubonisa ukufaneleka kwenhliziyo okungcono.
- Ukubuyiselwa kwesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo kwemizuzwana engama-60 kuyinkomba yokuthi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo libuya ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokuzivocavoca: lapho izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo libuya ngokushesha, isimo senhliziyo yomuntu siba ngcono kanye nokubikezelwa kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi yesikhathi eside.
Abantu ababhema ugwayi kanye ne-vaped baqophe ukusebenza okubi kakhulu kuzona zonke izilinganiso zomsebenzi ezine kunalabo abathi abayisebenzisi nicotine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangayidli i-nicotine, abantu abaphefumula noma ababhema nsuku zonke:
- babenciphise ikhono lokuzivocavoca, njengoba kufakazelwa i-METS encishisiwe (9.8 yama-vaper, 9.3 yababhemayo, kanye no-11.1 kulabo ababehileleke kukho kokubili).
- lapho bezivocavoca ngamandla abo amakhulu, bathola ukuncipha komsebenzi wenhliziyo
- babenezinga elincishisiwe lokushaya kwenhliziyo, okubonisa ukungagculiseki kahle (amaphesenti angama-87 abantu abaphendula ama-vaper, amaphesenti angama-85 ababhemayo, namaphesenti angama-91 alabo abangazange benze kanjalo); futhi
- Ngemva kokuphothula ukuhlolwa kokujima, ngabona ukululama kancane kokushaya kwenhliziyo yami (25.2 bpm kuma-vaper, 22.4 kwababhemayo, kanye no-28.1 kubantu abangazange benze lutho).
"Abantu abaqhuma ngokusobala benze okubi kakhulu kuzona zonke izinhlobo zokuzivocavoca ezine uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangakaze basebenzise i-nicotine, ngisho nangemva kokulungiswa kobulili, ubudala, nobuhlanga/uhlanga," kusho umlobi oholayo uChristina M. Hughey, MD, uzakwabo kwezokwelapha zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. I-UW Health, iNyuvesi yaseWisconsin-ididiyelwe izinhlelo zezempilo zikaMadison. "Nakuba besekuphele iminyaka embalwa bedonsa umoya futhi besebancane kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwabantu abashunqisayo bekungehluke kakhulu kunabantu abasebenzisa ugwayi ovuthayo."
"Abantu abasebenzisa i-vaped ngokusobala benze okubi kakhulu kuzona zonke izindlela ezine zokuqina uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abangazange basebenzise i-nicotine, ngisho nangemva kokulungisa ubulili, uhlanga, neminyaka." "Imibono yethu evela ocwaningweni lwe-CLUES iphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nomthelela ongase ube khona wokusetshenziswa okungapheli kwezinhlelo zokulethwa kwe-nicotine kagesi, ikakhulukazi isifo senhliziyo," kusho umphenyi oyinhloko we-CLUES uJames H. Stein, MD, FAHA, umqondisi we-cardiology yokuvimbela e-UW Health kanye Robert Turrell Uprofesa Ocwaningweni Lwenhliziyo e-University of Wisconsin School of Medicine kanye Nezempilo Yomphakathi eMadison. "Asizange siphenye imithelela yesikhathi eside ye-vaping, ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengendlela yokwelapha ekubhemeni, noma ukusebenza kwayo noma ukuphepha kuleso simo." Le miphumela, nokho, iyethusa njengoba iphakamisa ukuthi i-vaping ingase inyuse ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Ukutusa kwabantu ababhema ugwayi ovuthayo kuyefana: zama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-nicotine nezinto zikagwayi futhi ufune usizo kudokotela wakho nomphakathi ukuze uthuthukise amathuba akho okuphumelela.”
Ucwaningo lwe-CLUES beluyinselelo yocwaningo lokuhlola lomkhiqizo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu bahlolisiswa futhi okulethwayo kwahlolwa ngaphambi nangemva kokusebenzisa izimpahla ezine-nicotine, ngakho-ke idatha ayikwazi ukukhombisa isixhumanisi sembangela-nomphumela phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziqukethe i-nicotine kanye nezilinganiso zenhliziyo ezirekhodiwe. Abacwaningi abakwazanga ukuqhathanisa ngokuqondile imiphumela yokubhema nokufutheka njengoba ababhemayo ababebambe iqhaza ocwaningweni base bebadala, futhi bebesebenzisa izinto ezine-nicotine iminyaka eminingana (isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kweminyaka engu-23 kubantu ababhema ugwayi wendabuko uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka engu-4. kulabo abasebenzisa izinto zikagwayi we-elekthronikhi), futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi baphuma ezinhlangeni nasezinhlangeni ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abaphuphumayo. Ngenxa yokuthi iningi lalabo aba-vaped bahlonzwe njengabantu abadala abamhlophe, okutholwe emithelela ye-vaping kungase kungasebenzi kubantu bezinye izinhlanga nezinhlanga.
"Lokhu okutholakele kunomthelela ekukhuleni kocwaningo oluveza ukulimala okufanayo kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi phakathi kwabasebenzisi baka-e-cigarette nababhemayo ovuthayo." Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhombisa ukuthi lobu bungozi benhliziyo bukhona nakubantu abasebasha abanomlando omfushane wokusetshenziswa kwe-nicotine,” kusho u-Aruni Bhatnagar, Ph.D., FAHA, umqondisi-kanye we-American Heart Association's National Institutes of Health/Food and Drug. Isikhungo sikagwayi esixhaswe ngezimali sokuphatha seSayensi Yokulawula kanye noprofesa wezokwelapha, i-biochemistry, kanye nebhayoloji yamangqamuzana eNyuvesi yaseLouisville eLouisville, eKentucky. "Abantu kufanele baqaphele ukuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi nogwayi wendabuko uqukethe i-nicotine ewumlutha kanye nezinto eziyingozi ezingalimaza isimiso sabo senhliziyo kanye nempilo yonke."
