Ubufakazi besayensi bubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwe-e-cigarettes phakathi komphakathi we-vape wentsha kungase kubangele izifo zamaphaphu kanye nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukwanda ngamandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zindaba zibonwe kujenali yokubuyekezwa kontanga ye I-American Heart Association.
Kulabo abangazi, isitatimende sesayensi siza njengokuhlaziya kochwepheshe okungaholela ekufundeni izinqubo ezintsha zomtholampilo nemihlahlandlela yesikhathi esizayo. Lesi sitatimende, esimakwe ngokuthi "Imiphumela Yenhliziyo Yenhliziyo Yokuvuvuka Ezinganeni," sibonisa lokho okukholakala ngochwepheshe be-vascular and cell biology basic science, toxicology, epidemiology, and pharmacology. Babuyekeze izifundo ezihlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ebufakazini obugxile ku-e-cigarettes othinta izinhlelo ze-cardiopulmonary kuma-vaper amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe baye bachaza kabanzi ukuthi izingozi zesikhathi esifushane nezesikhathi eside ze-vaping zingaba yini ngokulinda phakathi kwemiphakathi emisha.
Ngokuvumelana ne U-Loren E.Wold, oneziqu ze-Ph.D. futhi iphinde ibe ngusihlalo weqembu lokubhala lesitatimende sesayensi, ngoba iningi lezifundo ezihlobene nogwayi we-elekthronikhi, izilwane noma abantu abadala kwakuyizifundo zokuhlolwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi siphinde sifunde ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela ebekwa ezinhlelweni zezitho zabantu abasha ababandakanyeka ekusebenziseni ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, ikakhulukazi ukuthi le miphumela iholela kuphi lapho umuntu omdala efinyelelwa.
U-Loren naye uyahambisana ne- I-Ohio State University's (i-Columbus, Ohio) College of Medicine futhi iyi-dean yemisebenzi yocwaningo.
I-ENDS noma amasistimu okulethwa kwe-nicotine ka-elekthronikhi ahlanganisa amakhatriji ane-e-liquid endaweni yokugcina amanzi, into yokushisisa ebizwa ngokuthi i-atomizer, ibhethri, nama-pods. I-aerosol ilethwa kumsebenzisi ukuze ayihogele ngalawa madivayisi, okuyinhlanganisela eyinhloko ye-cannabis, i-THC noma i-nicotine. Lawa ma-ENDS ngokuvamile afana ne-hookah, amapayipi kagwayi, nogwayi, futhi atholakala kakhulu njengogwayi we-elekthronikhi. Ogwayi be-elekthronikhi batholakala benesimo sakamuva sedivayisi ye-USB flash drive edume kakhulu entsheni eseminyakeni yokuthomba. Amadivayisi e-vape athuthuka ngobumo nemiklamo, iqhinga lokumaketha. I-nicotine ephezulu ikhona ngendlela enosawoti, kanti amanye amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ahlanganiswa nawo ama-e-liquids.
Ogwayi be-elekthronikhi bangena emakethe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2000 futhi kube yisizathu sokuthi kungani ukwehla kwezilinganiso zabasebenzisi bakagwayi kwabancane abadala kubuyiselwe emuva. Okufanayo kwaphawulwa ngabasebenzisa ugwayi ovuthayo kanye nokuncika kwe-nicotine. Izibalo zeNhlolovo Kazwelonke Kagwayi Yentsha ka-2019 zibonisa ukuthi u-27.5% kanye no-10.5% wabafundi abasebangeni lesi-9 kuya kwele-12 kanye nelesi-6 kuya kwelesi-8 bebeyingxenye yemiphakathi eyahlukene yentsha yamavape. Ngokwesitatimende sesayensi esivela kule nhlangano, ugwayi ovuthayo awukaze ubhenywe cishe yibo bonke abasebenzisi be-e-cigarette. Nokho, basengozini enkulu yokuba abasebenzisi bakagwayi unomphela noma i-nicotine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezibangelwa i-vaping zisencane azaziwa futhi azihlobene kuze kube manje.
Imiphumela ye-e-cigarettes enhliziyweni nasemaphashini kunzima ukuyithola ngoba abakhiqizi abaningi abavezi izithako zemikhiqizo yabo. Kuze kube manje, ukwakheka kwale mikhiqizo akukacaci ngokuphelele. Ama-E-liquids futhi iqukethe i-propylene glycol ne-glycerin yemifino, efakwe kuhlu njenge-GRAS (ngokuvamile ethathwa njengephephile) yi-FDA. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi zinhlanganisela zisohlwini lwe-GRAS ngalo lonke uhlobo lwazo, hhayi uma uhogelwe. Uma uhogeliwe, imiphumela yawo isazonqunywa njengoba izinhlanganisela zivame ukubonakala zihlukana zibe amakhemikhali e-carcinogen afana ne-formaldehyde.
U-Wold uveze ukuthi ukukhula kwamaphaphu ngokuvamile kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-20s, futhi noma yimuphi osemncane ohileleke ekushiseni ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-20 ubeka engcupheni ukukhula kwamaphaphu akhe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi noma iyiphi into yangaphandle ehogelwayo ithinta amasistimu enhliziyo nemithambo yokuphefumula.
Cishe izinkinga zokuphefumula ezingu-04 zivame ukuvela kubasebenzisi baka-e-cigarette. Ukwanda kwesifuba somoya, ukwanda kokukhwehlela kanye nokuphefumula, izehlakalo eziphakeme zezifo zokuphefumula, kanye nokuba sengozini yokuthola izifo zamaphaphu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphakeme, umfutho wegazi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi, nokuqina kwe-arterial nakho kuyabonwa entsheni esebenzisa i-e-cigarettes. Iziphetho ezinjalo ziholela ekukholweni ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-e-cigarettes, imiphumela eyingozi yenhliziyo ingase ibangele izifo zenhliziyo.
Intsha ivame ukuqamba amanga ukuthi i-vaping ayilimazi impilo yayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-aerosols avela ku-e-cigarettes athinta amangqamuzana enhliziyo yabo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi abeka usongo olukhulu lwezifo zenhliziyo. Nakuba kwenzeka ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka okubhema, abantu baye babonwa benezinkinga ezingapheli neziqinile zamaphaphu, futhi okufanayo kungenzeka kakhulu ngokufutheka.
Ikomidi lokubhala lesi sitatimende liphinde labona ukuthi nakuba izinsongo ezinkulu ezilethwa i-vaping yizinkinga zenhliziyo, omunye umphumela wokubaluleka okufanayo imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside enayo empilweni jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-nicotine isetshenziswa endaweni iminyaka encane, umuntu angaba nokuziphatha okuluthayo ngemva kokukhula. Ogwayi be-elekthronikhi nabo baziwa ngokudala ukuphazamiseka kokulala njengoba besebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ebuchosheni ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuziphatha okuluthayo, okwamukelwa kalula phakathi nokungalali kahle. Ekugcineni, i-canvas yezenhlalakahle nezomsebenzi womuntu iphazamiseka ezingeni elikhulu.
Izifundo ezahlukahlukene futhi ziyawuphikisa umbono wokuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi usiza ukuyeka ukubhema. Kodwa-ke, abaningi ababhemayo nabasebenzisi be-e-cigarette batholwe besebenzisa kokubili ekugcineni. Okunye okubalulekile okutholwe yikomidi kumayelana nomehluko phakathi kokuyeka i-nicotine nokuyeka ugwayi kanye nokubaluleka kwayo. Isibonelo, e-UK -i-e-cigarettes ine-nicotine encane kunase-US - ugwayi we-e-cigarette usize abantu abaningi (18%) kunama-nicotine patches (10%) ukuyeka ukubhema. Nokho isilinganiso sempumelelo yazo zombili lezi zindlela sihlukene ngamamayela ku-20% kuma-e-cigarette kanye nama-81% kumapeshi.
U-Wold ukholelwa ukuthi kunzima ukwenza imikhiqizo enjalo ibe evamile njengoba ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-flavour, okuqukethwe kwe-e-liquid, amazinga wamandla, kanye nokwakheka okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, okukhanga kakhulu kumuntu osemusha othanda i-vape. Kodwa-ke, ngama-flavour ezithelo nama-mint ajwayelekile yizinqubomgomo ze-FDA, imikhiqizo enambitheka ye-menthol kuthenjwa ukuthi izokwenziwa njalo, etholakala ngokusobala.
Futhi, i-US ayinawo umkhawulo ojwayelekile wokugxiliswa kwe-nicotine ku-e-liquid, futhi ezinye izisetshenziswa zinamazinga aphezulu e-nicotine (59 mg/mL). I-EU, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inomkhawulo ongu-≤20 mg/mL wokugxila kwe-nicotine okuqhathaniswa nogwayi ovamile wokubhema.
Ngokwesitatimende, ama-vape rave entsha angabhekana nawo uma kwenziwa lezi zindlela zokuvimbela:
- Fundisa ababambiqhaza ngezingozi eziqinisekisiwe zezempilo ezihlobene nogwayi we-elekthronikhi.
- Ogwayi be-elekthronikhi abavuthayo banoma yiluphi uhlobo bangasuswa ezimakethe.
- Imithetho yomoya ongabhemi kufanele ibhekane ne-e-cigarettes njengezinto ezingavunyelwe.
- Zonke izinhlobo zamapulatifomu edijithali kufanele ngabe zilawule ukumaketha mayelana nogwayi we-elekthronikhi.
- Izinhlelo zokuyeka i-vaping kubantu abadala kanye nentsha kufanele zethulwe ezibhedlela.
- Abafundi bezokwelapha kufanele bafundiswe ngokusemthethweni mayelana ne-vaping nemiphumela yako emakolishi ezokwelapha.
Iqembu lababhali bamavolontiya libhale phansi lesi sitatimende sesayensi egameni lababambe iqhaza abalandelayo;
- I-Stroke Council
- Council on Hypertension
- Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, kanye ne-Vascular Biology
- I-American Heart Association Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences
Izitatimende ze-American Heart Association zisiza ukusabalalisa ukuqwashisa abantu abaningi mayelana nezinkinga zohlangothi kanye nesifo senhliziyo. Baphinde basize ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kodwa-ke, azihlanganisi noma yiziphi izincomo zokwelashwa noma isiphakamiso, kunalokho zichaza ulwazi lwamanje ngesihloko, futhi zigqamisa noma iyiphi indawo engasiza ekwenzeni ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
